This paper uses SF6, CO2, C3F8, and C5F10O as the main mediums, and reviews the advances of microscopic property calculation of arc plasma under equilibrium and non-equilibrium state during the past three decades. The studies of equilibrium arc plasma mainly dedicate to thermophysical properties, including compositions, thermodynamic properties, transport coefficients, and combined diffusion coefficients. For non-equilibrium arc plasma, the investigation of microscopic properties is based on the quantum chemistry theory to study chemical reactions and their reaction rates, which helps to build the two-temperature chemical kinetic model to describe the rule of particle concentration versus time.